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The job interview soon a total institution?

Via actuchomage.org site, we learn that Job center offers, in partnership with Ereel, an "endowment fund to support innovation in Europe" (it's beautiful, I cry), training for unemployed to help them find new jobs. On the agenda: a reminder that the interview is one of many mechanisms for compliance of bodies and, perhaps, souls ...

's article actuchomage. org focuses on the question of the origin of the foundation and the question of the supposed contribution of such formations in the fight against unemployment and the return to employment . I'll let you read and get an idea by yourself on these points. Rather, the same pictures that caught my attention. Consider:

These are images taken from the article actuchômage. Org. They are obviously taken from the site Image Bureau, the main company involved with the action (watch the site automatically launches a very unpleasant music: when it pretends communication specialist, such a bad taste should not be forgiven). They give a good idea of what constitutes such makeover to find a job.

Indeed, what happens to women who lend themselves to this game? Well, obviously, to find a job, they are pushed to feminize. Not that they are particularly male at first, that is to say in the pictures "before", but it is clear that the efforts of the business makeover is to accentuate the femininity. Whether in clothing, hairstyles, makeup (not less than two companies make up the program proposed by job center) ... and attitude. Is evident in the poses adopted, probably at the request of photographer and under the advice of relookers by women in question: not only are they smiling or more "open", whatever This word can mean well, but the eyes of deer-cons in diving at the unveiling of the shoulder through the bust through hands on hips, one is in a game closer to the seductive, where femininity is to be seen often in all its fullness. The band offered by the site Ereel on the page with its "action" for the makeover of unemployed also leaves no doubt about it: it shows a photo of a young blonde-on make-up, the very red lips and bare feet resting on the table. An attitude that has nothing "professional" but for "female" in this term may be more contemptuous frivolity and sexualization. The photo does not déparaillerait in a catalog or on La Redoute the cover of a porn DVD.

What we ask for unemployed goes much further than the mere sake of self-presentation without a hitch: they are encouraged to adopt such an attitude and quite a unique role, which is assumed to be the expected by the recruiters and companies. This role is very clear: it is the woman. Not that of professionnel.le, not that of travailleur.se, not that of futur.e employé.e, but that of women. And this change can not simply be visibly plastic, be limited to one garment: the presence of a psychologist in the action and changes in gestures that leave to see through photographs clearly suggest that it is to take over the whole personality of the individual.

We understand the idea behind it: to take care of yourself to regain confidence and become "entrepreneur of oneself", able finally to find work as desired. But this confidence is not so clearly only through adherence to gender norms: take care of you, ladies, is your makeup to be pretty for the man who hired you ... And be "entrepreneur of oneself" is never a way to defer the burden of unemployment on an individual through - "you're not trying hard enough!" - Rather than a collective issue - "there are not enough jobs!". us once again the hammer of individual responsibility ...

Proceedings of the interview, which prepares such actions, probably more numerous than this simple news might suggest, therefore plays a particularly important role here. It does not merely select certain candidates, but serves as a pretext to control and transform them into dimensions of person who goes beyond the scope of work. To find work, they say to these women, you must change the personality not only have more skills, not only be more professional, not only have more skill or training best suited, but to be more feminine, prettier, more feminine ... In times of unemployment, job interview and everything that surrounds seem to adopt certain features of the qu'Erving Goffman called "total institutions," those who undertake to support the entire life individuals as to redefine all of their personalities.

It is here that women matter. What about men? This injunction does kind of conformism does these ladies, or is it shared the point that the men are asked to remove or abandon the features most "Feminine" in their appearance and personality? I'm willing to bet yes. Even if the thing is probably less of an impact, since joining the masculine role is probably more spontaneous as it may seem "natural." It does not say much for the kind of self-transformation required by the orders to be "entrepreneur of oneself" are less cumbersome to wear, whatever its kind.

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Should we starve the public servants? Polanyi and incentives "economic"

After Christian Jacob, president of the UMP group in the National Assembly, invited to "think hiring officials for life ", this old sea serpent has produced quite a stir. Issuance Of grist example could help to raise this issue at an issue devoted the insecurity in the public service. Why this challenge? Also because this would be an efficiency gain for the government. A further sign, in fact, from the grip of what Karl Polanyi called the "fallacy economy ".

Although Christian Jacob was able to highlight the opportunities for mobility offered by a questioning of the status of officials, listening to the issuance of France Culture leaves no doubt that this statute is primarily criticized because it puts officials to protect from losing their jobs, so competition so incentives to work, and otherwise encourages to laziness at least less effective than a less protective status would require them to continue. This point could not be more clear in the remark Nicolas Lecaussin , the "liberal" media of the confrontation, that in France, 75% of young people want to become servants "rather entrepreneurs. There would

much to say about the general interpretation of this figure, so often advanced and so rarely sourced. Taken as an indicator of pussilanimité of French people towards capitalism or market (the famous "French disease"), you might as well read the general ignorance of the public: he would still want to know what position occupy these "75%" because there is no guarantee that everybody wants to be, for example, teachers in college. This would also know if that appeals is not, perhaps, more the meaning given to certain jobs rather than their safety. In short, we should know a little more, starting with where you got that figure ... Otherwise, he joined the many false arguments that pollute the extensive public debate.

Still, it appears many of its recurrent use that in a certain tradition of thought, the job security provided by the Staff is very problematic because it would lead to inefficient operation of services public. In the absence of the risk of losing his job, the organization simply could not be economically efficient. The denunciation of inequality "unacceptable" between those who are exposed to this risk and those who will escape, one way or another, in the same direction.

So that in this perspective, there is an economic incentive: hunger. Indeed, in our societies, not having a job means not being able to feed themselves, nor have access to all goods that are considered socially necessary for everyone, whether it be housing, clothing , hobbies, etc.. It is through the course of employment that you earn the right to get all these things. Even though there are "safety nets", these are tenuous enough so that hunger can not be fully satisfied without the sale of his work. Poverty, fear of hunger and deprivation: that is what is the essential motivation that guide our economic behavior.

Has it always been this way? To this question, Karl Polanyi replied in his various writings (especially those collected in his Essays ) so we can more clearly "no." Hunger has not always been the primary economic motivation. It is a characteristic of our societies have the only possible economic incentives, to the exclusion of all others. This is what in fact "market societies", societies which Polanyi hoped that the Second World War had marked the collapse. Had he lived, to paraphrase Brassens, then showed him no.

What Polanyi argues on the basis of historical and anthropological exploration of primitive economic systems - understood here: "that precede the advent of self-regulating market in the West of the nineteenth century" - is that hunger has not always been an incentive or economic motivation. Instead, he says, in many societies, hunger does not exist. At least as a personal experience: an individual could not be hungry if his group was itself in starvation. Otherwise, all sorts of obligations required them to look after those who can not or want to work from those who hunger, those who can not obtain by themselves for their food. This has been, in Europe, the moral obligation to let the poor take part of the harvest, an obligation which has eventually become institutionalized in the "poor laws" which Polanyi discusses the disappearance of England in the late eighteenth century as the beginning of the "market society". This does not mean that the beneficiaries of such a system were living in luxury, but at least they were not threatened by hunger and death. So the concrete right, for those who wish to pursue a lifestyle of their choice - a central idea in Polanyi and who would, perhaps, to please those who call themselves "liberal."

But then why are they working people? Well for other motives than the fear of hunger and the search for gain.

But what about social organizations other than the market economy? Hunger and gain are they also linked to productive activities which determine the existence of the company in question? The answer to this question is clearly negative. In general, we find that the social organization of production is falling as the motivations of hunger and gain are not solicited And in fact, where the fear of hunger is related to productive activities, that motive is MEOE other important drivers. Such a mixture of motvations is what we mean by the term social motivations : This is the type of incentive that makes us conform to a behavior approved by society. A brief overview of the history of civilization does not show us the man acting in the service of his individual interest in acquiring material goods, but rather to ensure its position, its rights and benefits ("Should we believe in economic determinism? " Tests , P. 524).

Motivation to work is not lacking: to acquire or guarantee a certain social status, comply with standards and values, etc.. In fact, these motivations exist in our societies, and, except for some very specific cases, such as some traders actually only motivated by profit and gain ever greater, most people have relatively complex motivations work. A fear of hunger and the search for profit in addition, often dominant, other reasons that range from simple pleasure taken in the activity that engages with many different moral considerations. In history and the recognition that we can not get any incentives. And cases of officials choosing disobedience as a way of combating stress the attachment thereof to the content of their job, not the only gains they can derive. This is also true in private.

This last remark leads us to the fallacy that economic Karl Polanyi has repeatedly denounced. For why in the private cases of disobedience are they if not impossible at least rare? Just because hunger is the incentive for them dominant. Not because it is naturally stronger than others, but because the social organization leads to make it so strong. The economic fallacy is the belief that the economic organization of ours is the organization "natural", valid at any time and any place - a failing that economists are never fully able to abandon or said in passing. We tended to think that only hunger and gain are the "real" incentives and "true" motivations "economic" and that all others are at best a vague ideology placed on material interests ( where one sees all that separates Polanyi Marxism). And our economic organization is built precisely on this belief, so it becomes "real" for us. It is the organization of hunger, the maximum lift of solidarity that each safeguarded against this threat, which made individuals of workers on a market to sell their work. And it is this market that excludes other possible motivations of the field, they took away some of their force in people's minds.

Returning to the original question: the status of civil servants. One quickly understands that there may be other reasons for them and that rather than trying to replace them the reason for the hunger, it would be equally feasible to develop, for example by asking recognition of everyone's work.

But we can go further. The constitution of hunger as the only "real" economic motivation was not translated because of the devaluation of other causes of action, other incentives. That is the yardstick that individuals consider the interest of work, primarily if not to the exclusion of all others. And this is also true for public servants: they too are worked by the economic fallacy and can indulge in thinking that their motives in terms of gains, as they appear on the bottom of their payroll, do not justify all their efforts. Therefore, one can conclude that it transforming our company into a market that is causing the problems that the proposed deal by extending a little more ...

Doubtless one could then propose to take over the problem again fresh, and rather than discuss the retention or deletion of the Staff, consider the place of work and motivations across society. Precarious workers, real public service through the many alternatives to the famous "status", merely extends the reasons for hunger and earnings. It pushes people to seek nothing other than their work escape from famine or benefit which they can enjoy at their leisure. In short, it devalues confidently "work value" some gargle. Companies that know how employee involvement is important would do well to reflect on this. Maybe they would reach their goals better if they were using with their employees other incentives to those that we persist in thinking to be the only "economic".

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"In the Castle of Argol" - Gracq


What I often tell myself, in my soul and his inner optimist always a bit messy anyway, is that with the literature, given everything that was written from the beginning that human beings knows about listening to something other than hodgepodge protean and sticky in a culture that does its hearings and turnovers as shameless talents of entire cohorts of writers who toil through wage shameless us believe that selling a book and a yogurt, a car and a Wagner opera, it's the same thing, comma (phew) no one is ever in the whole of his short life free to discover the wonders.
So it's not worth all strive to read between 15 and 25 years, especially if it does nothing to better understand and please the teachers, whatever their sex, save some for the road ... You'll need it.
So I come in, after this introduction, penetrating about who leads.
I had never read anything by Mr. Gracq what happiness is in store for me I not tell me later I still myself while writing these lines. And what luck! Since this gentleman wrote lots of books. And as for yet I have read that!

"At Castle Argol": if writing is building, getting lost, paint, play music elements, to live extraordinary beings we instinctively can find the mirror in us, then this writing is well both heaven and earth, and the substance of the flesh, and simmer the most subtle and most secret. If writing is a moment, cover a world of a unique look, which never looked upon anything, and never look over anything, the time to raise some lives above everything and to make this jewel burning of which is falling hands on the last page, we have reinvented what there is most precious in solitude, ie, its necessity as the need of the world, then this button to write a form of perfection. If writing is cut, slide after slide, transparent and filled with the designs of the spirit, the fates of people in the most unlikely we familiar with, familiar with the requirements of the happiest of our imaginations, so that writing is a wonder .

And I weigh my words.

"At Castle Argol" Gracq:

First paragraph: Though

the campaign was still warm from the sun all afternoon, Albert embarked on the long road that led to Argol. He took shelter in the shade already grown hawthorn and set path. He wanted to give
another hour to enjoy the agony of the accident. He had bought a month earlier mansion Argol, woods, fields, outbuildings, without the visit, on the enthusiastic recommendations - rather mysterious - Albert remembered this strange accent, throaty voice that had decided - a very dear friend, but a little more than is proper, amateur de Balzac stories of chouannerie, and also crime novels. And without further deliberation, he had signed petitions for clemency foolish to chance.

Last paragraph:

In the midst of the long December night by the stairs deserts, through the deserted rooms, with torches extinguished, torchlight spilled, he left the castle under the garb of the traveler. Soon his footsteps led him (for he hurried into the cold night) went to the Magic Albert and Heide had followed a fatal day. The skirts of his coat floating surrounded him as black wings. And behind him, and his brain they reached in areas where acute serve the heightened senses, not sounded the depths of the cold night - its not? They came to him from the depths of the night - and he recognized them as if he had ever expected. But it did not turn toward the mysterious traveler. He did not return. He ran in the middle of the fairway, very quickly, and not followed. And, losing breath, he felt that now would not join him, and in the all-powerful failure of his soul, he felt the icy flash of a knife sinking into his shoulders like a handful of snow.

>>> Go and feast on what is between these two paragraphs. Now, later on, but if possible before dying.